Clay
What is Clay?
Clay is a naturally occurring earthy material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals, which typically contain hydrated silicates. It is formed through the weathering of rocks over long periods. Clay minerals are characterized by their plasticity when mixed with water, allowing them to be molded and shaped. The composition of clay varies depending on the source rock and the weathering processes involved, leading to a wide range of colors and properties. Clays are used extensively in various industries, including ceramics, construction, and as a component in many industrial processes.
Optical Properties
- Refractive Index
- Variable
- Birefringence
- Variable
- Pleochroism
- None
- Optical Character
- Biaxial
- Dispersion
- None
Discover Values
Clay Market Value Calculator
Estimate the market value of Clay using size, quality, and finish. This preview calculator is for quick context and is not a formal appraisal.
Clay Localities Map
See where Clay is found with a localities map, collecting zones, and geology context. Generate a sample map preview below.
Quick Facts
Physical Properties
- Color
- Various, including white, gray, red, brown, yellow, and black
- Hardness (Mohs)
- 1-2.5
- Density
- 1.6-2.6 g/cm³
- Luster
- Earthy to dull
- Crystal System
- Amorphous
Chemical Properties
- Chemical Formula
- Variable, typically hydrated aluminum silicates
- Elements
- Si, O, Al, H, and other elements depending on the specific clay mineral
Identify Clay Instantly
- Snap a photo, get instant results
- 6,700+ rocks, minerals & crystals
- Discover collecting spots near you