Sand
What is Sand?
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. It is formed through the weathering and erosion of rocks over long periods. The composition of sand varies depending on the source rock, but it is primarily composed of silica (silicon dioxide) in the form of quartz. Other minerals, such as feldspar, mica, and various rock fragments, can also be present. Sand is typically found in beaches, deserts, and riverbeds. It is used in construction, manufacturing glass, and as a component in various industrial processes.
Optical Properties
- Refractive Index
- 1.544-1.553 (quartz)
- Birefringence
- Variable
- Pleochroism
- None
- Optical Character
- Variable
- Dispersion
- Variable
Discover Values
Sand Market Value Calculator
Estimate the market value of Sand using size, quality, and finish. This preview calculator is for quick context and is not a formal appraisal.
Sand Localities Map
See where Sand is found with a localities map, collecting zones, and geology context. Generate a sample map preview below.
Quick Facts
Physical Properties
- Color
- Variable, typically tan, brown, white, or gray
- Hardness (Mohs)
- 7
- Density
- 2.65 g/cm³
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
- Crystal System
- Amorphous
Chemical Properties
- Chemical Formula
- SiO2 (primarily)
- Elements
- Si, O (primarily)
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